Coronary arteries are the blood vessels that supply the heart with blood. Coronary artery disease develops when cholesterol plaque builds up on the walls of these arteries, potentially leading to blockages or narrowing. When the heart doesn’t receive enough blood flow, it demands more oxygen and nutrients, possibly causing angina (chest pain) or, in severe cases, a heart attack, which damages the heart muscle. This condition usually progresses over several years, and symptoms might not be noticeable until serious issues, like significant blockages or heart attacks, occur. However, by adopting a heart-healthy lifestyle, you can reduce the risk of coronary artery disease.
Coronary artery disease, also known as coronary heart disease, involves paying attention to symptoms like angina, fatigue, shortness of breath, and heart attacks. Initial symptoms might be absent or occur only during activities like exercise when the heart beats faster.
Angina feels like a tightening or constriction in the chest, possibly resembling the sensation of something heavy pressing on it. This pain usually occurs in the middle or left side of the chest and is often triggered by exertion or intense emotions. The discomfort typically fades away shortly after the triggering event passes. Some people, especially women, might also experience sharp or severe pain in the neck, arm, or back.
Feeling unusually tired or having difficulty breathing can happen if your heart can’t pump enough blood to meet your body’s needs.
A heart attack occurs when a coronary artery is completely blocked. Classic heart attack symptoms include shortness of breath, sweating, arm or shoulder pain, and chest pressure or discomfort. Women may also experience less common symptoms, such as neck or jaw pain, fatigue, and nausea. Some heart attacks can happen without noticeable symptoms.
If you think you’re having a heart attack, it’s crucial to call 911 or your local emergency number immediately. If emergency medical care isn’t available, have someone drive you to the nearest hospital—but avoid driving yourself unless there’s no other choice, as it could put others at risk.
Certain factors increase your chances of developing coronary artery disease, like smoking, high blood pressure, high cholesterol, diabetes, obesity, or a family history of heart disease. If you’re at high risk, talk to your healthcare provider about getting evaluated for artery blockages. Tests like coronary angiography, which uses X-rays to examine the coronary arteries, are the most accurate methods to diagnose conditions affecting the heart arteries, including coronary artery disease. A cardiac CT scan can also reveal calcium deposits and artery blockages by showing narrowed arteries.
If you’re diagnosed with coronary artery disease, it isn’t the end of the world, but changes are necessary. Adopting healthier habits can help reduce existing blockages and prevent new ones. Quitting smoking is crucial as tobacco chemicals add stress to the heart by promoting the formation of blood vessel plaque. Consult your physician for support and resources to quit smoking.
Improving your diet by eating heart-healthy foods filled with Omega-3s, like salmon and tuna, and high-fiber items, like whole grain bread and oatmeal, can lower bad cholesterol and reduce heart attack risk. Foods high in soluble fiber prevent cholesterol absorption in your digestive system, while fruits and vegetables provide compounds, known as plant stanols or sterols, that work similarly to soluble fiber.
Keep your daily salt intake below 2,300 milligrams to manage blood pressure, a key factor in reducing heart disease risk. Choose low-salt and no-added-salt options when cooking or dining.
Regular exercise is another vital step in maintaining heart health. Aim for at least 150 minutes of moderate-intensity exercise, like brisk walking, every week, and incorporate muscle-strengthening activities, such as yoga or resistance exercises, twice a week. It’s important to consult your doctor before starting a new exercise routine, particularly if you have specific health concerns.
This information is meant to enhance, not replace, the advice from your healthcare provider. Always consult your doctor if you have questions about how this information applies to you.
