Hyperpyrexia is when the body temperature rises above 106.7°F, and it’s a medical emergency that needs immediate attention. Pyrexia, or fever, is when the body temperature goes above 98.6°F. Fever is a complex symptom often seen in diseases and can indicate the type and severity of an illness more than other symptoms, except for specific rashes in contagious diseases.
Symptoms of hyperpyrexia include a temperature over 106°F (41.1°C). If untreated, it can lead to organ damage or death, so it’s crucial to seek medical help right away. Causes of hyperpyrexia include lower respiratory tract infections like bronchitis, tuberculosis, complicated urinary tract infections, bone infections like osteomyelitis, bacterial infections affecting the heart (endocarditis), viral infections like HIV and cytomegalovirus, brain conditions like hemorrhages, malignant diseases like leukemia and renal cell carcinoma, drug reactions, and blood transfusion reactions. Kawasaki syndrome, especially in children, can also trigger hyperpyrexia.
To prevent pyrexia, maintain good hygiene, wash hands regularly, use hand sanitizers when water isn’t available, cover your mouth and nose on public transport, and avoid sharing personal items like glasses and plates.
COVID-19, caused by SARS-CoV-2, is a global health concern. Hyperpyrexia in COVID-19 patients can lead to poor outcomes and increased mortality. In a study of six COVID-19 patients with hyperpyrexia, all died shortly after showing symptoms. The exact cause of hyperpyrexia in COVID-19 is unclear but may involve brain injury from the virus, an overactive immune response, and blood clots.
Treating pyrexia is debated, as some believe fever is part of the body’s defense against infection. There’s no evidence that reducing fever improves outcomes. Initial treatments include removing excess clothing and bathing in lukewarm water. Antipyretics like aspirin (not for children), acetaminophen, and NSAIDs are also used.
