Cerebral palsy (CP) is a condition that impacts muscle movement, coordination, and tone because the brain doesn’t send the right signals to the muscles. This can also affect other body functions like breathing and bladder control.
There are various types of CP, and individuals may experience one or more types. The severity of CP can range from mild to severe, depending on the extent of brain damage. It might affect just a small part of the brain, like the area controlling walking, or larger areas that manage walking, talking, and understanding speech.
If the brain area responsible for speech is affected, a person with CP might have trouble speaking or understanding speech. Some individuals with CP may face behavioral or learning challenges, while others might not. Additionally, some may experience hearing loss, epilepsy, or other medical issues.
Cerebral palsy doesn’t worsen over time, but its effects on the body can change as a person grows. For instance, some teenagers might develop dislocated hips or scoliosis, a condition where the spine curves.
The exact cause of CP isn’t always known. It can occur when a child’s brain is still developing, either before birth or in early infancy. Possible causes include infections, medical problems during pregnancy, strokes before or after birth, or complications during delivery.
Babies born prematurely or with low birth weight have a higher risk of developing CP. Those who don’t get enough oxygen during or right after birth, or who need a ventilator for several days, are also at increased risk.
Managing CP involves a personalized approach since it affects everyone differently. Some teens may have minor movement issues, while others might need crutches or wheelchairs. A treatment plan is usually developed by doctors, parents, teachers, therapists, and the person with CP.
Teens with CP might use medication to relax muscles or control seizures. Some may require surgery to improve flexibility in their arms and legs or to correct scoliosis and dislocated hips. Leg braces can also help with walking.
A diet rich in calcium, vitamin D, and phosphorus can strengthen bones. During puberty, rapid growth can lead to weight gain and clumsiness, making movement more challenging for those with CP. As bones grow, muscles can tighten, limiting movement.
If you have CP, it’s important to be involved in your care. Keep up with all your appointments, including physical therapy and other treatments. Your medical team will monitor your progress and adjust your therapy as needed.
If you have a friend with CP, treat them like anyone else. They might need extra help reaching for something, but it’s best not to make a big deal out of it. If they take longer to complete tasks or have trouble understanding, be patient and supportive.
Talk to your friend about living with CP. Everyone wants to feel accepted and included. Being in a wheelchair or having other disabilities can make someone feel self-conscious or left out. Be open-minded and include them in your activities.
