Oral cancer is a significant health issue affecting people worldwide, though its prevalence is often underestimated. In 2020, the World Health Organization (WHO) estimated about 377,713 new cases of lip and oral cavity cancer globally, resulting in around 177,757 deaths. The most effective way to combat oral cancer is through early detection, which is where oral cancer screenings come in. Early detection significantly improves treatment outcomes and raises survival chances.
Oral cancer, also known as mouth cancer, is the abnormal growth of cells in areas like the lips, tongue, gums, cheeks, roof of the mouth, tonsils, or the back of the throat. It often begins as a small, painless sore or lesion in the mouth that doesn’t heal. Without treatment, these cancerous cells can spread to the lymph nodes in the neck and other parts of the body. Symptoms differ among individuals but some common signs to watch for include mouth ulcers, persistent sores, red or white patches, a sore throat that won’t go away, difficulty swallowing, changes in voice, numbness in the mouth or lips, lumps in the neck, loose teeth, ear pain, and unexplained weight loss. However, experiencing these symptoms doesn’t always mean you have oral cancer.
Oral cancer screening is a painless and non-invasive procedure carried out by dental and medical professionals to spot early signs of mouth cancer or precancerous conditions. This involves a careful examination of the mouth, lips, tongue, and other oral tissues to detect any abnormalities or unusual lesions.
Screening is recommended for everyone, especially adults with higher risk factors such as tobacco and alcohol use, a history of oral cancer, extended sun exposure, HPV infection, or a weakened immune system. People with these risk factors should regularly prioritize oral cancer screenings.
During a screening, a healthcare professional will conduct a visual exam of the mouth followed by palpating the neck and lymph nodes to check for irregularities like red or white patches, sores, or lumps. They might use dyes or special lights to highlight abnormal cells. If suspicious areas are found, a biopsy may be needed to confirm if cancerous or precancerous cells are present.
Screening offers several benefits. It helps catch cancer early, enhancing the success of treatment and recovery prospects. Moreover, taking proactive steps for oral health can reduce anxiety and improve overall well-being. Screenings also provide a chance to learn about potential risk factors and lifestyle changes that could lower the risk of developing oral cancer.
Ideally, oral cancer screenings should be part of your annual dental check-up. However, individuals at higher risk due to lifestyle habits or genetic factors might need more frequent screenings. It’s important to stay alert to any changes in your oral health and report anything unusual to your dentist or healthcare provider immediately.
In conclusion, oral cancer screening is crucial for maintaining good oral health. By catching oral cancer early, healthcare professionals, particularly dentists, can improve treatment outcomes and potentially save lives. Whether or not you are in a high-risk category, it’s essential to stay informed about oral cancer and proactive about your oral health. For those at high risk, regular screenings are imperative as preventative measures and early detection are key in effectively combating oral cancer.
